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SS Ohio (1872)
(SS Ohio prior to Alaska Service 1897 )
SS ''Ohio'' was an iron passenger-cargo steamship built by William Cramp & Sons in 1872. The second of a series of four ''Pennsylvania''-class vessels, ''Ohio'' and her three sister ships—''Pennsylvania'', ''Indiana'' and —were the largest iron ships ever built in the United States at the time of their construction,〔 and amongst the first to be fitted with compound steam engines. They were also the first ships to challenge British dominance of the transatlantic trade since the American Civil War.
''Ohio'' spent most of her career on the Liverpool-Philadelphia route she had originally been designed to service. After 25 years of transatlantic crossings, ''Ohio'' was sold in 1898 for service in the Alaskan gold rush. She was wrecked in British Columbian waters in 1909.
==Development==
The four ''Pennsylvania'' class liners were constructed at a cost of $520,000 each by William Cramp & Sons on behalf of the American Steamship Company (ASC), a subsidiary of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company.〔Heinrich, p. 57, Flayhart, p. 20. Heinrich says the winning bid was $525,000 rather than $520,000.〕 The Railroad intended to utilize the vessels to bring European immigrants direct to Philadelphia, thus ensuring the company a steady stream of customers. In recognition of this purpose, the four ships - ''Pennsylvania'', ''Indiana'', ''Illinois'' and ''Ohio'' - were named after the four states serviced by the Railroad.〔Heinrich, p. 62.〕〔Flayhart, p. 23.〕 Design of the ships was entrusted to Charles H. Cramp of the Cramp & Sons shipyard, and Barnabas H. Bartol, a director of the ASC.〔Flayhart, pp. 23-24.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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